Applications of Synthetic Biology Within Coral Conservation

Abstract

Several studies have been done on genetic engineering in agriculture and plants to ensure their successful survival and adaptation through changing climatic conditions. This paper will focus on the applications of genetic modification within animals, specifically synthetic biology in combating coral bleaching. The interactions between humans and animals have affected both populations tremendously, but ever since industrialization centuries ago, animals have experienced the brunt of the negative effects. As a result, many species that are essential to maintaining balance in nature are endangered or even extinct. To prevent animals from being further harmed, we must take drastic measures in the form of a dramatically reduced carbon footprint, or finding a way to directly help the animals adapt. Synthetic biology, a type of genetic modification, involves creating new biological functions or systems to have an organism have a desired ability. The application of genetic engineering in animals was mostly limited to agricultural ones for many years, but its success combined with the success seen in plants has raised the question of whether it is a viable option for wildlife. Coral, in particular, has been the source of some of the first synthetic biology experiments with animals. Due to climate change, many coral reefs are experiencing irreversible bleaching effects. However, several scientists are applying new methods of synthetic biology to allow them to withstand higher temperatures. Success in synthetic biology with coral may also aid in the further development of similar technologies within other wildlife species. Understanding the multitude of ways in which synthetic biology can be used to benefit coral as well as the ethical risks can help us develop and execute a plan that will allow future generations to experience the vast biodiversity that the world has to offer.