The Existence of Biases in the Individual and the Role They Play in Society

Abstract

In this review we define the term bias and divide biases into three main categories: intrinsic, interpersonal, and societal. We define these three categories and give examples of different biases that fit into these groupings. We then complete an analysis of intrinsic bias by defining the term and highlighting the two main biases in the category which are confirmation bias and overconfidence bias. We explain the importance of foundational studies on both of these biases and display their impact on society. Next, we analyze biases that are a part of the interpersonal category which include affinity bias, conformity bias, and the halo/horns effect. We review studies that identify these biases in the individual andexemplify their influence on societal settings such as the workplace or positions of power. Furthermore, we review studies on biases that fit the category of societal bias such as gender bias, racial bias, and age bias. We analyze the prevalence of these biases in the individual and the consequences these biases have on society as a whole. Lastly, we conclude the paper by summarizing the crucial points of the review and reiterating the importance of studying biases. We also explain how our paper is different from other reviews, the possible limitations of this paper, and what we think the future of studying biases should behold.